The Knowledge Engineers

Market data index

Every figure we publish, listed once, with the dataset it came from, the period it covers, the confidence we attach to it and a link to the paragraph it appears in. Take what you need; the licence asks only for attribution.

263data points
7primary datasets
6data reports
27member states covered

Download CSV Download JSON Sources

01

CRM, ERP and BI Adoption in European Enterprises

50 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0128.5% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees used customer relationship management software in 2025.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
0246.5% used an ERP package to share information between business functions.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
0316.3% used business intelligence software.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
0453.5% used at least one of ERP, CRM or business intelligence, which leaves 46.5% using none of the three.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
05ERP is 1.6 times more common than CRM and 2.9 times more common than business intelligence.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
0634.2% run ERP software and use social media, a combination Eurostat tracks as a marker of joined-up digital operations.How many European companies run business softwareisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
0737.8% buy office software as a paid cloud service.How much of it is bought as cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0830.7% of EU enterprises buy finance or accounting software as a paid cloud service.How much of it is bought as cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0915.9% buy ERP software as a paid cloud service.How much of it is bought as cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1014.7% buy CRM software as a paid cloud service.How much of it is bought as cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
11Set against the 28.5% who use a CRM at all, cloud accounts for roughly 52% of CRM adoption in Europe.How much of it is bought as cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Directional
1265.4% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use a CRM.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1343.8% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use a CRM.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1424.7% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use a CRM.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1588.7% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use an ERP package.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1669.9% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use an ERP package.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1741.1% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use an ERP package.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1869.2% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use business intelligence software.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
1934.3% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use business intelligence software.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
2011.4% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use business intelligence software.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
21The CRM gap between the largest and smallest size class is 40.7 percentage points.Adoption rises sharply with company sizeisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
2223.7% of enterprises with a high digital intensity index use business software.Digital intensity explains more than sector doesisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
2316.3% of enterprises with a low digital intensity index use business software.Digital intensity explains more than sector doesisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
2410.0% of EU enterprises with a very high digital intensity index use business software.Digital intensity explains more than sector doesisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
253.5% of enterprises with a very low digital intensity index use business software.Digital intensity explains more than sector doesisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
26Finland: 55.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
27Netherlands: 54.1% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
28Denmark: 42.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
29Belgium: 41.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
30Malta: 39.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
31Czechia: 36.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
32Luxembourg: 34.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
33Sweden: 33.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
34Spain: 33.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
35Cyprus: 33.1% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
36Türkiye: 11.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is lowestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
37Bulgaria: 11.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is lowestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
38Romania: 13.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is lowestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
39Latvia: 17.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is lowestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
40Albania: 17.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use a CRM.Where CRM adoption is lowestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
41Denmark: 66.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
42Belgium: 62.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
43Spain: 60.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
44Finland: 58.1% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
45Greece: 54.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
46France: 53.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
47Netherlands: 52.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
48Czechia: 49.7% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
49Italy: 49.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
50Luxembourg: 49.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees run an ERP package.Where ERP adoption is highestisoc_eb_iip2025Verified
02

Cloud Computing Adoption in European Enterprises

43 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0152.7% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees used paid cloud computing services in 2025.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0252.4% bought at least one of the ten paid cloud services Eurostat asks about.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0350.9% bought at least one paid cloud software service.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0440.7% bought at least one paid cloud infrastructure service.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0513.8% bought paid cloud platform services for application development, testing or deployment.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0627.5% both buy cloud services and perform data analytics.How much of Europe buys cloudisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0744.9% of EU enterprises buy e-mail as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0837.8% buy office software such as word processors and spreadsheets as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
0937.7% buy file storage as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1034.5% buy security software as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1130.7% buy finance or accounting applications as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1224.0% buy database hosting as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1315.9% buy ERP software as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1414.9% buy computing power to run their own software.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1514.7% buy CRM software as a paid cloud service.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1613.8% buy a hosted platform for application development, testing or deployment.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1740.1% buy database hosting or file storage, the combined measure Eurostat uses for cloud storage of any kind.What European companies actually buyisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1840.9% buy sophisticated cloud services: security software, database hosting or a development platform.How sophisticated that cloud use isisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
1946.7% buy sophisticated or intermediate services, the wider band that includes finance, ERP and CRM applications.How sophisticated that cloud use isisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2011.3% buy only basic or intermediate services.How sophisticated that cloud use isisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
215.6% buy only basic services such as e-mail, office software, storage or raw computing power.How sophisticated that cloud use isisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2284.7% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2366.8% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees buy paid cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2449.3% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees buy paid cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2574.3% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees buy sophisticated cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2654.3% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees buy sophisticated cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
2737.5% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees buy sophisticated cloud services.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
28The gap between the largest and smallest size class is 35.4 percentage points.Company size still decides itisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
29Finland: 79.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
30Italy: 75.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
31Malta: 75.1% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
32Ireland: 73.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
33Sweden: 72.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
34Denmark: 68.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
35Netherlands: 68.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
36Norway: 66.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
37Belgium: 61.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
38Estonia: 60.7% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is highestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
39Bulgaria: 17.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is lowestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
40Türkiye: 20.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is lowestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
41Greece: 24.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is lowestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
42Romania: 24.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is lowestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
43Bosnia and Herzegovina: 29.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees buy paid cloud services.Where cloud adoption is lowestisoc_cicce_use2025Verified
03

AI Adoption in European Enterprises

53 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0119.9% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees used at least one AI technology in 2025.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0279.1% use none of the AI technologies Eurostat asks about.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0312.9% use at least two AI technologies.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
048.3% use at least three.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0511.1% have at some point considered using AI, which is a smaller group than the one already using it.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0616.2% both use AI technologies and buy cloud services.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0713.8% use AI and perform data analytics.How many European companies use AIisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
0811.8% of EU enterprises use AI to analyse written language, such as text mining.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
099.6% use AI that generates images, video or audio.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
108.8% use AI that generates written or spoken language.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
117.2% use AI that converts spoken language into machine-readable form.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
125.3% use AI to automate workflows or assist with decision-making.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
135.1% use machine learning, including deep learning, for data analysis.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
143.8% use AI to identify objects or people in images.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
151.4% use AI to control the physical movement of machines, such as autonomous robots.Which AI technologies they useisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
166.9% of EU enterprises use AI for marketing or sales.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
176.2% use it to organise business administration or management processes.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
184.6% use it for accounting, controlling or financial management.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
194.1% use it in production processes.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
203.9% use it for ICT security.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
213.8% use it for research, development or innovation.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
221.2% use it for logistics.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
2314.6% use AI for at least one of these purposes, and only 7.9% for two or more.What they use it forisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
247.8% of EU enterprises say they do not use AI because they lack the relevant expertise in-house.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
255.9% cite a lack of clarity about the legal consequences.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
265.8% cite concerns about violating data protection rules.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
274.8% cite difficulty with the availability or quality of the data needed.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
284.6% cite incompatibility with their existing systems.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
294.2% say the costs seem too high.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
302.7% cite ethical considerations.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
312.0% say AI is simply not useful for their enterprise.Why the rest are not adoptingisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3255.0% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use at least one AI technology.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3330.4% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use at least one AI technology.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3417.0% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use at least one AI technology.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3544.0% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use two or more AI technologies.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3620.8% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use two or more AI technologies.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
3710.6% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use two or more AI technologies.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
38The gap between the largest and smallest size class is 38.0 percentage points.AI adoption by company sizeisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
39Denmark: 42.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
40Finland: 37.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
41Sweden: 35.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
42Belgium: 34.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
43Luxembourg: 33.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
44Netherlands: 33.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
45Austria: 29.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
46Norway: 28.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
47Germany: 26.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
48Estonia: 23.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is highestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
49Romania: 5.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is lowestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
50Türkiye: 7.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is lowestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
51Poland: 8.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is lowestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
52Bulgaria: 8.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is lowestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
53Greece: 8.9% of enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one AI technology.Where AI adoption is lowestisoc_eb_ai2025Verified
04

E-commerce Sales in European Enterprises

40 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0123.6% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees made e-commerce sales in 2025.How much of Europe sells onlineisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
0220.7% made web sales, meaning through a website, an app or an e-commerce marketplace.How much of Europe sells onlineisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
0320.3% made e-commerce sales worth at least 1% of turnover, so a small share of sellers treat it as a rounding error.How much of Europe sells onlineisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
045.6% made EDI-type sales, the older business-to-business channel that predates web storefronts.How much of Europe sells onlineisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
0517.7% of EU enterprises sell through their own website or app.Own storefront or somebody else’s marketplaceisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
069.3% sell through an e-commerce marketplace.Own storefront or somebody else’s marketplaceisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
076.3% sell through both their own channel and a marketplace.Own storefront or somebody else’s marketplaceisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
083.0% sell through a marketplace only, with no storefront of their own.Own storefront or somebody else’s marketplaceisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
097.6% take at least 20% of their web sales through a marketplace.Own storefront or somebody else’s marketplaceisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
1017.2% of EU enterprises make business-to-consumer web sales.Who they sell toisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
1113.8% make business-to-business or business-to-government web sales.Who they sell toisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
12For 16.6%, consumer sales are more than 1% of web sales.Who they sell toisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
13For 15.9%, consumer sales are 10% or more of web sales.Who they sell toisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
1419.6% of EU enterprises make web sales inside their own country.How far those sales travelisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
158.9% make web sales to another country, inside or outside the EU.How far those sales travelisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
168.6% sell online to other EU member states.How far those sales travelisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
175.2% sell online to countries outside the EU.How far those sales travelisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
18Domestic web selling is 2.2 times as common as cross-border web selling.How far those sales travelisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
1948.5% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees make e-commerce sales.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
2031.7% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees make e-commerce sales.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
2121.4% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees make e-commerce sales.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
2234.3% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees sell through a website, app or marketplace.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
2325.0% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees sell through a website, app or marketplace.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
2419.5% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees sell through a website, app or marketplace.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
25The gap between the largest and smallest size class is 27.1 percentage points.E-commerce by company sizeisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
26Lithuania: 43.0% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
27Denmark: 38.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
28Sweden: 36.7% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
29Ireland: 36.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
30Malta: 35.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
31Montenegro: 34.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
32Finland: 34.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
33Belgium: 31.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
34Austria: 29.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
35Serbia: 28.8% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is most commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
36Türkiye: 13.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is least commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
37Romania: 14.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is least commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
38Luxembourg: 14.7% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is least commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
39Bulgaria: 16.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is least commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
40Poland: 18.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees make e-commerce sales.Where online selling is least commonisoc_ec_esels2025Verified
05

ICT Security Measures in European Enterprises

46 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0192.8% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees use at least one ICT security measure.How many measures European companies actually takeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0276.5% use at least three.How many measures European companies actually takeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0356.9% use at least five.How many measures European companies actually takeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0438.5% use at least seven.How many measures European companies actually takeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
055.5% use every measure in the Eurostat list, which makes full coverage a rounding error rather than a norm.How many measures European companies actually takeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0683.7% of EU enterprises use strong password authentication.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0779.2% back data up to a separate location, including to the cloud.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0865.4% use network access control.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
0949.6% use a VPN.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1045.2% keep log files for analysis after a security incident.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1145.1% run a monitoring system to detect suspicious activity.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1239.8% combine at least two authentication mechanisms.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1339.7% encrypt data, documents or e-mail.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1434.6% carry out ICT security tests.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1534.1% periodically assess ICT risk.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1618.3% use biometric authentication.Which measures they useisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1735.5% of EU enterprises have one or more documents on their ICT security measures, practices or procedures.Policy, and how recently it was reviewedisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1821.8% defined or last reviewed that policy within the previous 12 months.Policy, and how recently it was reviewedisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
1929.4% did so within the previous 24 months.Policy, and how recently it was reviewedisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
207.6% last reviewed it more than 12 but less than 24 months earlier.Policy, and how recently it was reviewedisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
214.6% last reviewed it more than 24 months earlier.Policy, and how recently it was reviewedisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2260.0% of EU enterprises make employees aware of their ICT security obligations in some way.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2342.6% do it through voluntary training or internally available information.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2434.2% do it through the employment contract.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2524.5% do it through compulsory training or compulsory material.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2631.5% both raise awareness and hold a documented policy.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2738.1% do none of it.What staff are toldisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2899.1% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use at least one ICT security measure.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
2997.2% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use at least one ICT security measure.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3091.8% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use at least one ICT security measure.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3185.5% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees use at least seven measures.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3261.6% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees use at least seven measures.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3332.8% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees use at least seven measures.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3481.5% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3556.2% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
3630.3% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Security maturity by company sizeisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
37Finland: 59.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
38Denmark: 59.1% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
39Portugal: 54.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
40Serbia: 53.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
41Romania: 49.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
42Latvia: 49.4% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
43Sweden: 46.6% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
44Ireland: 46.2% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
45Netherlands: 41.5% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
46Belgium: 40.3% of enterprises with 10 or more employees hold a documented ICT security policy.Where documented security policy is most commonisoc_cisce_ra2024Verified
06

The ICT Skills Shortage in European Enterprises

31 data points · read the report
#StatementSectionDatasetPeriodConfidence
0121.2% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees either employed ICT specialists or recruited for such a role in 2024.Who is hiring ICT specialists at allisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
029.6% recruited or tried to recruit personnel for jobs requiring ICT specialist skills.Who is hiring ICT specialists at allisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
035.5% of all enterprises had hard-to-fill vacancies for those jobs.Who is hiring ICT specialists at allisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
045.1% both employed ICT specialists and had hard-to-fill vacancies, so the shortage bites hardest where there is already a team.Who is hiring ICT specialists at allisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
0557.5% of EU enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
0643.2% of those recruiters cite a lack of applications.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
0741.9% cite applicants’ salary expectations.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
0841.7% cite a lack of relevant qualifications or education.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
0940.9% cite a lack of relevant work experience.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
10No single barrier dominates: applications, qualifications, experience and pay are all cited by roughly four in ten recruiters.Where recruitment breaks downisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Directional
1122.3% of EU enterprises with 10 or more employees provided training to develop their staff’s ICT skills.What companies do instead: trainingisoc_ske_ittn22024Verified
1219.4% trained non-specialist employees in ICT skills.What companies do instead: trainingisoc_ske_ittn22024Verified
1311.4% trained their own ICT specialists.What companies do instead: trainingisoc_ske_ittn22024Verified
1413.1% both employ ICT specialists and provide ICT training.What companies do instead: trainingisoc_ske_ittn22024Verified
159.2% provide ICT training without employing any ICT specialists.What companies do instead: trainingisoc_ske_ittn22024Verified
1651.9% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees recruited or tried to recruit ICT specialists.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
1720.2% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees recruited or tried to recruit ICT specialists.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
186.2% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees recruited or tried to recruit ICT specialists.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
1935.4% of EU enterprises with 250 or more employees had hard-to-fill ICT vacancies.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
2011.9% of EU enterprises with 50 to 249 employees had hard-to-fill ICT vacancies.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
213.3% of EU enterprises with 10 to 49 employees had hard-to-fill ICT vacancies.Hiring and training by company sizeisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
22Germany: 72.4% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
23Czechia: 70.5% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
24Malta: 67.9% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
25Austria: 67.3% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
26Luxembourg: 65.3% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
27Slovenia: 63.9% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
28Netherlands: 63.1% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
29Belgium: 62.5% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
30Hungary: 62.4% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
31Greece: 59.6% of enterprises that tried to recruit ICT specialists reported hard-to-fill vacancies.Where ICT vacancies are hardest to fillisoc_ske_itrcrs2024Verified
—

Primary sources

7 datasets
  • Eurostat — Integration of internal processes by size class of enterprise (isoc_eb_iip). Reference period 2025, last published 2026-02-27. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — Cloud computing services by size class of enterprise (isoc_cicce_use). Reference period 2025, last published 2026-02-27. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — Artificial intelligence by size class of enterprise (isoc_eb_ai). Reference period 2025, last published 2026-06-15. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — E-commerce sales of enterprises by size class of enterprise (isoc_ec_esels). Reference period 2025, last published 2026-06-15. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — Security policy, measures, risks and staff awareness by size class of enterprise (isoc_cisce_ra). Reference period 2024, last published 2026-06-15. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — Enterprises that recruited or tried to recruit ICT specialists by size class of enterprise (isoc_ske_itrcrs). Reference period 2024, last published 2026-06-15. Open the dataset.
  • Eurostat — Enterprises that provided training to develop/upgrade ICT skills of their personnel by NACE Rev.2 activity (isoc_ske_ittn2). Reference period 2024, last published 2026-06-15. Open the dataset.

Using these numbers

You may quote, republish and build on anything in this index, including in a commercial publication, as long as you attribute The Knowledge Engineers and link to the report the figure came from. If you need the series behind a figure, a longer time span, or a country cut we have not published, that is a data request.

The underlying statistics are published by the sources named above and remain subject to their own terms. We add the selection, the wording and the checking, not the measurement.